Timeline of Afghanistan
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This is a timeline of Afghanistan. To read about the background to these events, see History of Afghanistan. See also the list of leaders of Afghanistan and the list of years in Afghanistan.
This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.
Barhatkin was the first Shahi King [1]
[edit] 5th century
| Dynasty | King | Areas |
|---|---|---|
| Shahi[2] | King Khingala[3] | Kapisa Kabul, Eastern Afghanistan, Gandhara NWFP, Peshawar few regions of Punjab |
[edit] 7th century
| Dynasty | King | Areas |
|---|---|---|
| Shahi[4] | King Khingala[5] | Kapisa Kabul, Eastern Afghanistan, Gandhara NWFP, Peshawar few regions of Punjab |
The last Turk Shahi ruler Lagaturman , [6] is deposed by his vazier and first Hindu Shahi King Kallar who was the followed by Samand followed by Kamala followed by Bhim [7]
[edit] 9th century
| Dynasty | King | Areas | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindu Shahi | Bhimdev | Kapisa Kabul, Eastern Afghanistan, Gandhara NWFP, Peshawar few regions of Punjab
|
|||
| Hindu Shahi[9] | Jayapala was the son of Ishtpal or Astapal and father of Anandapala [10] | Kapisa Kabul, Eastern Afghanistan, Gandhara NWFP, Peshawar few regions of Punjab | |||
| Hindu Shahi | Tirlochanpal was the son of Anandpal , | Kapisa Kabul, Eastern Afghanistan, Gandhara NWFP, Peshawar few regions of Punjab | |||
| Hindu Shahi | Bhimpal was the son of Tirlochanpal , his death in 1028AD brought to an endthe Hindu Shahi dynasty [11] | Kapisa Kabul, Eastern Afghanistan, Gandhara NWFP, Peshawar few regions of Punjab |
[edit] 18th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1709 | April 21 | Mirwais Khan Hotak, the leader of the Ghilzai Afghans and mayor of Kandahar, killed the Persian-appointed governor Gurgin Khan and declared Kandahar independent. |
| 1715 | Mirwais Khan died of natural causes. His son, Mir Mahmud Hotaki, took the throne. | |
| 1722 | The Afghan army captured the Persian capital, Isfahan. Mir Mahmud declared himself Shah of Persia. | |
| 1725 | April 22 | Mir Mahmud was murdered. His cousin Ashraf Khan succeeded him. |
| 1729 | September 29 | Battle of Damghan: A Persian warlord, Nader Shah, defeated the forces of Ashraf Khan and forced them to retreat back into Afghanistan. |
| 1747 | Nadir Shah was assassinated. His former general, Ahmad Shah Abdali, was appointed king by loya jirga and established the Durrani Empire. |
[edit] 19th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1809 | The Afghan king Shuja Shah Durrani signed a treaty of alliance with the United Kingdom. | |
| May 3 | Shuja was overthrown by his brother Mahmud Shah Durrani. | |
| 1826 | Dost Mohammad Khan took the throne in Kabul, where he proclaimed himself amir. | |
| 1839 | March | First Anglo-Afghan War: A British expeditionary force captured Quetta. |
| August | First Anglo-Afghan War: Shuja was reinstated to the throne. | |
| 1841 | November | First Anglo-Afghan War: A mob killed the British envoy to Afghanistan. |
| 1842 | January | Massacre of Elphinstone's army: A retreating British force of sixteen thousand was wiped out by the Afghans. |
| 1857 | Afghanistan declared war on Persia. | |
| Afghan forces captured Herat. | ||
| 1878 | January | Second Anglo-Afghan War: Afghanistan refused a British diplomatic mission, provoking a second Anglo-Afghan war. |
| 1879 | May | Second Anglo-Afghan War: To prevent British occupation of a large part of the country, the Afghan government ceded much power to the United Kingdom in the Treaty of Grandamak. |
| 1880 | July 22 | Abdur Rahman Khan was officially recognized as amir of Afghanistan. |
[edit] 20th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | October 1 | Habibullah Khan, son of Abdur Rahman Khan, become Amir of Afghanistan. He was secular leader, brought western medicine, brought back political exiles like the Tarzi family and others, and repealed many of the harshest criminal penalties. |
| February 20 | Habibullah Khan assassinated. His son Amanullah Khan declares himself king. | |
| May | Amanullah led a surprise attack against the British, beginning the Third Anglo-Afghan War. | |
| August 19 | Afghan Foreign Minister Mahmud Tarzi negotiated the Treaty of Rawalpindi, which fixed the Afghan-Indian border and secured Britain's recognition of Afghan independence. | |
| 1929 | Amanullah was forced to abdicate in the face of a popular uprising. Amir Habibullah Kalakani took power. Kalakani was the Amir of Afghanistan for only nine months in 1929 after leading a successful revolt against King Amanullah with the help of various Pashtoon tribes, who were against the King's rapid modernization plans. After his defeat and execution by Mohammad Nadir, Kalakani was given the name: Bacha-i-Saqao, son of a water carrier. Kalakani was a Tajik from the Shamali area, and was probably born in 1890.He was the first Tajik to take power from Pashtuns in 350 years of the Pashtun rule. | |
| The reactionary Mohammed Nadir Shah took control of Afghanistan. | ||
| 1933 | November 8 | Nadir Shah was assassinated. His son, Mohammed Zahir Shah, was proclaimed king at the age of nineteen. |
| 1964 | A new constitution was ratified which instituted a democratic legislature. | |
| 1965 | January 1 | The Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) held its first congress. |
| 1978 | April 28 | Saur Revolution: Military units loyal to the PDPA assaulted the Afghan Presidential palace, killing President Mohammed Daoud Khan. |
| May 1 | Saur Revolution: The PDPA installed its leader, Nur Muhammad Taraki, as President of Afghanistan. | |
| July | A rebellion against the new Afghan government began with an uprising in Nuristan. | |
| December 5 | A treaty was signed which permitted deployment of the Soviet military at the Afghan government's request. | |
| 1979 | September 14 | Taraki was murdered by supporters of Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin. |
| December 24 | Soviet war in Afghanistan: Fearing the collapse of the Amin regime, the Soviet army invaded Afghanistan. | |
| December 27 | Operation Storm-333: Soviet troops occupied major governmental, military and media buildings in Kabul, including the Tajbeg Presidential Palace, and executed Prime Minister Amin. | |
| 1988 | April 14 | Soviet war in Afghanistan: The Soviet government signed the Geneva Accords, which included a timetable for withdrawing their armed forces. |
| 1989 | February 15 | Soviet war in Afghanistan: The last Soviet troops left the country. |
| 1992 | April 30 | Civil war in Afghanistan (1989-1992): Forces loyal to Jamiat-e Islami took control of the capital, Kabul. |
| June 28 | Jamiat leader Burhanuddin Rabbani was proclaimed president. | |
| 1994 | The Taliban movement began to form in a small village between Lashkar Gah and Kandahar. | |
| 1996 | September 27 | Civil war in Afghanistan (1996-2001): The Taliban militia forced President Rabbani and his government out of Kabul. |
| Former DRA president Mohammad Najibullah, who had been living under UN protection in Kabul, was tortured, castrated and executed by Taliban forces. | ||
| 1998 | August | Civil war in Afghanistan (1996-2001): The Taliban took control of Mazar-e Sharif. |
[edit] 21st century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | September 11 | September 11, 2001 attacks: Members of Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization, headquartered in Afghanistan (As feared by USA), committed a series of terrorist attacks on the commercial and military centers of the United States. |
| September 20 | United States president George W. Bush demanded that the Afghan government turn over all resident al-Qaeda members to the United States and close all resident terrorist training camps. | |
| September 21 | The government refused Bush's ultimatum. | |
| October 7 | War in Afghanistan (2001–present): The United States began an aerial bombing campaign against the Taliban. | |
| 2003 | December 14 | 2003 loya jirga: A 502-delegate loya jirga (an attempt at a national council) was convened to consider a new Afghan constitution by US. |
| 2004 | October 9 | Afghanistan holds its first democratic presidential elections. |
[edit] References
- ^ The Shahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab By Deena Bandhu Pandey Published by Historical Research Institute; [sole distributors: Oriental Publishers], 1973 Original from the University of Michigan Page 6
- ^ Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God By Robert L. Brown Contributor Robert L. Brown Published by SUNY Press, 1991 Page 50,
- ^ Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God By Robert L. Brown Contributor Robert L. Brown Published by SUNY Press, 1991 Page 50,
- ^ Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God By Robert L. Brown Contributor Robert L. Brown Published by SUNY Press, 1991 Page 50,
- ^ Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God By Robert L. Brown Contributor Robert L. Brown Published by SUNY Press, 1991 Page 50,
- ^ Page Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World By André Wink Edition: illustrated Published by BRILL, 2002 125
- ^ Page Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World By André Wink Edition: illustrated Published by BRILL, 2002 125
- ^ Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh By Om Gupta Published by Gyan Publishing House, 2006
- ^ Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God By Robert L. Brown Contributor Robert L. Brown Published by SUNY Press, 1991 Page 50,
- ^ Coins of Mediaeval India, from the Seventh Century Down to the Muhammadan Conquests: From the Seventh Century Down to the Muhammadan Conquests By Alexander Cunningham Edition: reprint Published by Indological Book House, 1967 Page 56
- ^ Muhammad Bin Qasim to General Pervez Musharraf: Triumphs, Tribulations, Scars of 1971 Tragedy and Current Challenges By Asif Haroon Edition: illustrated Published by Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2004 Original from the University of Michigan
