Palatal lateral approximant
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| IPA – number | 157 |
| IPA – text | ʎ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ʎ |
| X-SAMPA | L |
| Kirshenbaum | l^ |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
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The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʎ, a turned letter "y" (not to be confused with lowercase lambda, λ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.
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[edit] Features
Features of the palatal lateral approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aymara | llaki | [ʎaki] | 'sad' | ||
| Bulgarian | любов | [ʎubov] | 'love' | ||
| Catalan[1] | ull | [ˈuʎ] | 'eye' | Some Catalan speakers, notably those of the Balearic dialects, merge this sound with /j/, a phenomenon called ieisme and akin to Spanish yeísmo. See Catalan phonology. | |
| Croatian | odijeljen | [ˈodijeːʎen] | 'separated' | ||
| Enindhilyagwa | angalya | [aŋaʎa] | 'place' | ||
| Faroese | fylgja | [fɪʎʤa] | 'to follow' | ||
| Franco-Provençal | balyi | [baʎi] | 'give' | ||
| Galician | ollo | [ˈoʎo] | 'eye' | Many Galician speakers are nowadays yeístas because of influence from Spanish. | |
| Greek | λιακάδα | [ʎaˈkaða] | 'sunshine' | See Modern Greek phonology. | |
| Hungarian | Northern dialects[2] | lyuk | [ˈʎuk] | 'hole' | Modern standard Hungarian has undergone a phenomenon akin to Spanish yeísmo, merging the old phoneme of "ly" into that of "j". See Hungarian ly. |
| Italian[3] | figlio | [ˈfiʎːo] | 'son' | See Italian phonology. | |
| Leonese | Llibru | [ˈʎibru] | 'book' | ||
| Norwegian | northern dialects | alle | [ɑʎːe] | 'all' | See Norwegian phonology. |
| Portuguese[4] | olho | [ˈoʎu] | 'eye' | See Portuguese phonology. | |
| Occitan | miralhar | [miraˈʎa] | 'to reflect' | ||
| Gascon | hilh | [hiʎ] | 'son' | ||
| Quechua[5] | qallu | [qaʎu] | 'tongue' | ||
| Scottish Gaelic | till | [tʃʰiːʎ] | 'return' | ||
| Serbian | љуљaшka /ljuljaška | [ʎuʎаʃkа] | 'swing (seat)' | ||
| Sissano | piyl | [piʎ] | 'fish' | ||
| Slovak | roľa | [ˈrɔʎa] | 'field' | ||
| Spanish[6] | millón | [miˈʎõn] | 'million' | For most speakers this sound has merged with /ʝ/, a phenomenon called yeísmo. See Spanish phonology. | |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ^ BENKŐ Loránd; IMRE Samu (ed.): The Hungarian Language. Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, No. 134. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter (1972).
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:149)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
[edit] Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53-56
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90-94
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.). Blackwell.
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117-121
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