Nutrition disorder

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Nutrition disorder
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D009748

Many diseases in humans are directly or indirectly caused by improper eating habits and malnutrition. These include, but are not limited to, deficiency diseases, caused by a lack of essential nutrients. Conditions such as obesity from overeating can also cause serious health problems, and some nutrients can cause acute poisoning.

Contents 1 Overnutrition 1.1 Metabolic 1.2 Vitamins and micronutrients 2 Deficiencies (eating too little) 2.1 Proteins/fats/carbohydrates 2.2 Dietary vitamins and minerals 3 Complex disorders 4 Foot notes 5 See also

[edit] Overnutrition

[edit] Metabolic

Obesity is caused by consuming too many calories compared to the amount exercise the body is performing. It can lead to diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions or increased mortality.

The low-cost food that is generally affordable to the poor in affluent nations is low in nutritional value and high in fats, sugars and additives. In rich countries, therefore, obesity is oftentimes a sign of poverty and malnutrition while in poorer countries obesity is more associated with wealth and good nutrition. Other non-nutritional causes for unhealthy obesity included: sleep deprivation, stress, lack of exercise, and heredity.

Acute overeating can also be a symptom of an eating disorder.

Goitrogenic foods can cause goitres by interfering with iodine uptake.

[edit] Vitamins and micronutrients

Vitamin poisoning is the condition of overly high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to toxic symptoms. The medical names of the different conditions are derived from the vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called "hypervitaminosis A".

Iron overload disorders are diseases caused by the overaccumulation of iron in the body. Organs commonly affected are the liver, heart and endocrine glands.

[edit] Deficiencies (eating too little)

[edit] Proteins/fats/carbohydrates

• Protein-energy malnutrition
  • Kwashiorkor
  • Marasmus
  • Mental retardation^[1]

[edit] Dietary vitamins and minerals

• Calcium
  • Osteoporosis
  • Rickets
  • Tetany
• Iodine deficiency
• Selenium deficiency
• Iron deficiency
  • Iron deficiency anemia
• Zinc
  • Growth retardation
• Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
  • Beriberi
• Niacin (Vitamin B3)
  • Pellagra
• Vitamin C
  • Scurvy
• Vitamin D
  • Osteoporosis
  • Rickets

[edit] Complex disorders

In some cases, eating too much of one thing can induce an apparent deficiency of something else. A common example occurs when livestock eat locoweed: locoweed contains a toxin that inhibits an enzyme, simulating a deficiency of the enzyme.

[edit] Foot notes

[edit] See also

• Avitaminosis
• Malnutrition
• Essential nutrient
• List of ICD-10 codes (E54-E64) -- detailed taxonomy
• Obesity
• Osteoporosis

v • d • e Pathology: Medical conditions (Diseases/Disorders/Illness, Syndromes/Sequences, Symptoms/Signs, Injuries, etc.) (A/B, 001-139) Infectious disease/Infection: Bacterial disease (G+, G-) · Virus disease · Parasitic disease (Protozoan infection, Helminthiasis, Ectoparasitic infestation) · Mycosis · Zoonosis (C/D, 140-239 & 280-289) Cancer (C00-D48, 140-239) Tumor Myeloid hematologic (D50-D77, 280-289) Anemia · Coagulopathy Lymphoid immune (D80-D89, 279) Immunodeficiency · Immunoproliferative disorder · Hypersensitivity (E, 240-278) Endocrine disease · Nutrition disorder · Inborn error of metabolism (F, 290-319) Mental disorder (G, 320-359) Nervous system disease (CNS, PNS) · Neuromuscular disease (H, 360-389) Eye disease · Ear disease (I, 390-459) Cardiovascular disease (Heart disease, Vascular disease) (J, 460-519) Respiratory disease (Obstructive lung disease, Restrictive lung disease, Pneumonia) (K, 520-579) Stomatognathic disease (Tooth disease) · Digestive disease (Esophageal, Stomach, Enteropathy, Liver, Pancreatic) (L, 680-709) Skin disease · skin appendages (Nail disease, Hair disease, Sweat gland disease) (M, 710-739) Musculoskeletal disorders · Osteochondropathy (Osteopathy, Chondropathy) (N, 580-629) Urologic disease (Nephropathy, Urinary bladder disease) · Male genital disease · Breast disease · Female genital disease (O, 630-679) Complications of pregnancy (P, 760-779) Fetal disease (Q, 740-759) Congenital disorder (R, 780-799) Syndromes · Medical signs (Eponymous) (S/T, 800-999) Bone fracture · Dislocations/subluxation · Sprain · Strain · Head injury · Chest trauma · Poisoning

v • d • e Nutrition disorders (E40-68, 260-269) Hypoalimentation/ malnutrition Protein-energy malnutrition Kwashiorkor · Marasmus · Catabolysis Avitaminosis B vitamins B1: Beriberi/Wernicke's encephalopathy(Thiamine deficiency) · B2: Ariboflavinosis · B3: Pellagra(Niacin deficiency) · B6: Pyridoxine deficiency · B7: Biotin deficiency · B9: Folate deficiency · B12: Vitamin B12 deficiency Other vitamins A: Vitamin A deficiency/Bitot's spots · C: Scurvy · D: Rickets/Osteomalacia · E: Vitamin E deficiency · K: Vitamin K deficiency Mineral deficiency Zinc · Iron · Magnesium · Chromium · Selenium (Keshan disease) · Manganese · Molybdenum · Copper · Calcium · Potassium Hyperalimentation Overweight · Obesity Childhood obesity · Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Vitamin poisoning Hypervitaminosis A · Hypervitaminosis D · Hypervitaminosis E Mineral overload see inborn errors of metal metabolism, toxicity