Inner cell mass

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Inner cell mass
Blastocyst with an inner cell mass and trophoblast.
Gray's	subject #6 46
Carnegie stage	3
Days	6
Precursor	blastocyst
Gives rise to	epiblast, hypoblast

In early embryogenesis of most eutherian mammals, the inner cell mass (abbreviated ICM and also known as the embryoblast or pluriblast, the latter term being applicable to all mammals) is the mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred. The ICM lies within the blastocoele (more correctly termed "blastocyst cavity", as it is not strictly homologous to the blastocoele of anamniote vertebrates) and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast.

Contents 1 Further development 2 Stem cells 3 Additional images 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Further development

The ICM differentiates into two types of cells, epiblast and hypoblast. These make up the bilaminar disc.

Only the cells of the epiblast give rise to cells inside the embryo, while hypoblast cells form only extraembryonic tissue (extraembryonic endoderm). All three germ layers of the definitive embryo, as well as extraembryonic mesoderm, arise from the epiblast. These three layers are the endoderm, the mesoderm, and the ectoderm.

[edit] Stem cells

It is the source of early stem cells.^[1]

It can form all tissues except trophoblast.^[2]

[edit] Additional images

Blastodermic vesicle of Vespertilio murinus.

Section through embryonic disk of Vespertilio murinus.

[edit] References

1. ^ "Stem Cell Research Basics: Early Stem Cells". http://www.kumc.edu/stemcell/early.html. Retrieved on 2007-10-11. 
2. ^ "Definition: inner cell mass from Online Medical Dictionary". http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?inner+cell+mass. Retrieved on 2007-10-11. 

[edit] External links

• http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/lecture1-3.htm
• http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/EMBI97/img010.GIF

v • d • e Developmental biology > Human embryogenesis (development of embryo) and development of fetus First three weeks Week 1 Fertilization · Egg activation · Zygote · Cleavage · Morula · Blastula (Blastomere) · Blastocyst · Inner cell mass Week 2 (Bilaminar) Hypoblast · Epiblast Week 3 (Trilaminar) Germ layers Archenteron/Primitive streak (Primitive pit, Primitive knot/Blastopore, Primitive groove) · Gastrula/Gastrulation · Regional specification Ectoderm Surface ectoderm · Neuroectoderm · Somatopleure · Neurulation · Neural crest Endoderm Splanchnopleure Mesoderm Chorda- · Paraxial (Somite/Somitomere/Sclerotome/Myotome/Dermatome) · Intermediate · Lateral plate (Intraembryonic coelom, Splanchnopleure/Somatopleure) Extraembryonic/ uterus Trophoblast (Cytotrophoblast, Syncytiotrophoblast) Blastocoele · Yolk sack/exocoelomic cavity · Heuser's membrane · Extraembryonic coelom · Vitelline duct Umbilical cord (Umbilical artery, Umbilical vein, Wharton's jelly) · Allantois Placenta · Decidua (Decidual cells) · Chorionic villi/Intervillous space · Gestational sac (Amnion/Amniotic sac/Amniotic cavity, Chorion) Histogenesis Programmed cell death (Apoptosis) · Stem cells · Germ line development Organogenesis Limb development: Limb bud · Apical ectodermal ridge/AER other structures: Eye development · Cutaneous structure development · Heart development · Development of the urinary and reproductive organs (Some dates are approximate—see Carnegie stages and a timeline.)