Flinders Street Station

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Flinders Street

Station information
Code	FSS
Operator	Connex Melbourne
Lines	All suburban trains terminate here
# Platforms	14 (13 in use)
# Tracks	15
Status	Premium station
Metlink profile	Link
Melway map	Link
Google map	Link
Metcard Zone	1

Flinders Street Station is the central railway station of the suburban rail network of Melbourne, Australia. It is on the corner of Flinders and Swanston Streets next to the Yarra River in the heart of the city, stretching from Swanston Street to Queen Street and covering two city blocks.

Each weekday, over 110,000 commuters^[1] and 1,500 trains pass through the station. Flinders Street is serviced by Connex's (Soon to be MTM Under the new contract) suburban services, and V/Line regional services to Gippsland.

The Melburnian idiom "I'll meet you under the clocks" refers to the row of clocks above the main entrance, which indicate the departure time of the next train on each line. This is a popular meeting place, at the intersection of two of the city's busiest thoroughfares. The station is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early termini 1.2 Current building 1.3 Redevelopment plans 1.4 Refurbishment 2 Clocks 3 Signal boxes 4 Platforms/Services 5 Tram Services 5.1 Swanston Street 5.2 Elizabeth Street 5.3 Flinders Street 6 References 7 External links

[edit] History

[edit] Early termini

The first railway station to occupy the Flinders Street site was called Melbourne Terminus, and was a collection of weatherboard train sheds. It was completed in 1854 and was officially opened on September 12 by the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir Charles Hotham.^[2] The terminus was the first city railway station in Australia, and the opening day saw the first steam train trip in the country. It travelled to Sandridge (now Port Melbourne), over the now redeveloped Sandridge Bridge, travelling along the now light rail Port Melbourne line.

The first terminus had a single platform 30 metres long, and was located beside the Fish Market building on the south-west corner of Swanston and Flinders Streets.^[3] An additional platform was provided in 1877, along with two overhead bridges to provide passenger access, followed by additional timber and corrugated iron buildings and a telegraph station in 1879.^[2] The first signal boxes were opened at the station in 1883, one at each end of the platforms. By the 1890s a third island platform had been constructed.^[4]

Melbourne's two other early central-city stations, Spencer Street Station (now Southern Cross Station) and Princes Bridge, opened in 1859. Spencer Street served the lines to the west of the city, and was isolated from the eastern side of the network until a ground level railway was built connecting it to Flinders Street in 1879,^[5] this track being replaced by the Flinders Street Viaduct in 1889.^[6]

Princes Bridge was originally separated from Flinders Street, even though it was only on the opposite side of Swanston Street. Once the railway line was extended under the street in 1865 to join the two, Princes Bridge was closed.^[7] It was not reopened until April 1879, and from 1909 slowly became amalgamated into Flinders Street.^[8] Federation Square now occupies its site. Up until the 1880s number of design hand been prepared, but none ever went any further.^[9]

[edit] Current building

In 1882 the government decided to build a new central passenger station to replace the existing ad-hoc construction. A world-wide design competition was held in 1899,^[1] with 17 entries received. The competition was for the facade of the station, with the station entrances and platforms to be as specified in a plan developed by the Railway Department.^[9]

The £500 first prize went to railway employees James Fawcett and H. P. C. Ashworth in 1899, whose design named Green Light was of French Renaissance style included a giant dome and clock tower. Three stories in height, a train shed with three arches running east-west would have covered the platforms, of an average height of 20 metres above the ground. Modifications to the design were carried out by the Railway Commissioners in 1904. The train shed was replaced by individual platform canopies, a basement and fourth storey was added along the Flinders Street frontage, and the arches above each entrance were lowered.^[10]

Rumours persist that the design for Flinders Street Station was originally designated for Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai, India.^[11] However, no convincing evidence, other than architectural similarities to other buildings in their respective cities, has been produced to support the rumour. In São Paulo, Brazil, Luz Station, the main railway station of that city, was inspired by the lines of Flinders Street Station.

Work began in 1900 on the rearrangement of the station tracks, while the final design of the station building was still being worked on. Work on the central pedestrian subway started in 1901, with the foundations of the main building completed by 1903. By 1907 the station had eleven platforms, with the decision made to construct platforms 12 and 13 east of Swanston Street in 1909. The same year platform 1 was extended eastwards for country traffic.^[10] One of the original platform verandas from the Melbourne Terminus building was dismantled and re-erected at Hawthorn station, in the inner-eastern suburbs.

In 1905 work begun on the station building itself, starting at the west end and progressing towards the main dome. Ballarat builder Peter Rodger being awarded the £93 478 contract. Brick and cement was to have been used to construct the station, but was later altered to use brick and grey granite from Harcourt, "in view of the importance of this great public work".^[10] The southern facade was of lightweight timer construction due to the cancellation of the train shed roof. This area was instead clad with zinc aluminium sheets that looked like large bricks.

Work on the dome started in 1906, the structure required heavy foundations as it extended over railway tracks. In May 1908 work was progressing slower than expected, with the expected completion date of April 1909 slipping, with Rodger's contract being terminated in August 1908.^[12] A Royal Commission was appointed in May 1910, finding that Rodger's could be held accountable for the slow progress in 1908, but he should be compensated for the difficulties before then. The Way and Works Branch of the Victorian Railways took over the project, the station being essentially finished by mid 1909. The verandah along Flinders Street and the concourse roof and verandah along Swanston Street were not completed until after the official opening in 1910.^[12]

The building contains a number of rooms along the Flinders Street frontage, including station offices, and a disused ballroom. The building once featured a creche inside the main dome for a number of years,^[13] with an open-air playground on an adjoining roof. The basement store beside the main entrance has been occupied by a hat store since 1910. Known as 'City Hatters' since 1933, it is now the only hat store in Melbourne.^[14]

The first electric train operated from Flinders Street to Essendon in 1919,^[6] and by 1926 it was the world's busiest passenger station.^[15] To cater for the increasing numbers of passengers, the Degraves Street subway from the station was extended to the north side of Flinders Street in 1954.^[6] In March 1966 platform one was extended to 2,322 feet (708 m) long.^[16]

[edit] Redevelopment plans

Plans arose at various times from the 1960s to the 1970s for the demolition or redevelopment of the station, as well as the adjacent Jolimont Yard area. The station had fallen into disrepair, having not been cleaned in decades, and covered with advertising hoardings and light up signs.^[17]

In 1962 the Minister for Transport and HKJ Pty Ltd signed an agreement for a £30 million of the station that would have resulted in the demolition of the clock tower and replacement with a office building up to 60 storeys high. Work was to begin in 1964, but instead the Gas and Fuel Building was constructed over the Princes Bridge station.^[18] In 1967 a company purchased the option to lease the space above Flinders Street Station, planning to build a shopping plaza and two office towers, the dome and clock tower being kept as part of the design, but strong opposition saw this project lapse.^[18]

In 1972 Victorian Premier Sir Henry Bolte unveiled another redevelopment plan, to cover 27 acres of space above the Flinders Street Station and Jolimont Yard for a complex of shops, offices, theatres and other community facilities. Newspaper report of 1974 said that planing work was still underway for the $250 million proposal, but by 1975 public perceptions had begun to turn towards retention of the station.^[18]

In 1989 under the John Cain Labour Government an agreement to construct the 'Festival Marketplace' was signed. Designed by Daryl Jackson architects, it was to be built over the existing platforms in a style sympathetic to the existing station,and be completed by 1992. Planned to feature shops, restaurants and cafes, the project was abandoned in 1991 after the inability of the financiers to come up with the $205 million required.^[19]

[edit] Refurbishment

The Swanston Street concourse has underwent the most change of any part of the station, and is now three times the width of depth of the original structure, and bears little resemblance to the original. After the first round of works in 1985 City of Melbourne councillor Trevor Huggard described the renovation as "vandalism of historically important sections of the station", and in 1997 the National Trust of Australia described the additions to the concourse as unsympathetic and detrimental to the station, having "the character of a modern shopping centre".^[20]

In 1982 a $7 million refurbishment was announced by the Ministry of Transport, divided into four phases. Completed by 1984, the first escalators at the station provided to platform 2 and 3 replacing the former ramps, and the current public toilets were provided, replacing those over the platforms.^[21] New ramps were also provided to platforms which were less steep than those previous, and overhead skylights added to provide better lighting. The main station concourse was tiled and extended westward over the tracks, 16 new shops opened on the concourse, and a restaurant was opened on the southern side along the river.^[22] The restaurant opened in October 1985 but closed soon after, the site becoming the "Clocks on Flinders" poker machine venue in 1994.^[23] The main steps were embedded with electrical circuits to keep them dry in June 1985.

1993 saw the Elizabeth Street pedestrian subway opened out at the Southbank end.^[23] Conservation work was also carried out to the main building, with the external facade painted in the original colours, exterior feature lighting installed, and the stained glass feature windows above each entry restored.^[24] Further changes were made though the late 1990s with the opening of access from the main Swanston Street concourse to platform 1, platform resurfacing with tactile tiles, and the replacement of the remainder of the main platform access ramps with escalators and elevators.^[25][26]

The tracks to the east of the station were rebuilt in 1997-1998 to clear the way for the Federation Square project.^[27] Jolimont Yard was eliminated, with $40 million spent to reduce 53 operating lines between Flinders Street and Richmond Station to just 12. The number of points was also reduced, from 164 to 48.^[28] These changes also saw a reallocation of platform usage at the station, country trains being shifted from platform 1 to platform 10, and Clifton Hill group trains being shifted from Princes Bridge Station to platform 1. The platforms at the station had been renumbered in conjunction with the formal merger of Princes Bridge with Flinders Street on June 29, 1980.^[16]

The final round of changes were completed by 2007. It included refurbishment of the building roof and concourse foundations, an upgrade of platform 10 with escalators and a lift replacing the ramp, the relocation of all ticket booking offices to the main entrance under the main dome and new LCD Passenger Information Displays (PIDS) installed on the platforms, subways and concourse.^[29] In March 2009 an escalator replaced the lift to platform 12 and 13, with platform 12 also extended westwards into daylight along the alignment of the former platform 11.^[30]

The works on the main concourse were carried out to permit the commercial leasing of space in the station for retail use. $150,000 has also been put aside to investigate the potential of the public spaces in the station. The investigation will be overseen by a taskforce comprising representatives from Connex, the Committee for Melbourne, Melbourne City Council, Heritage Victoria and the National Trust.^[31]

[edit] Clocks

The distinctive clocks under the main dome that show the departure times of the next trains date back to the 1860s. Sixty Bathgate indicators were purchased from England for use at the Flinders Street, Spencer Street, Richmond and South Yarra railway stations. Those at Flinders Street were placed into storage when the old station was demolished in 1904, with 28 placed into the new station in 1910. They were located at the main entry under the dome, the southern side archway, and the Degraves and Elisabeth Street entrances.^[32]

Manually operated by a railway officer using a long pole, during an 8 hour period the clocks at the main entrance were changed an average of 900 times.^[32] The original indicator clocks were removed from service in 1983 as part of a redevelopment of the station, with their replacement by digital displays planned. An outpouring of public outrage and sentimentality saw the decision reversed within one day. The clocks at the main entrance were altered to automatic operation by computer, but those at the Degraves and Elisabeth Street entrances were replaced by large airport-style split-flap displays.^[32]

A clock tower has also existed at end of Elizabeth Street since 1883. The first clock was known as the 'Water Tower Clock', after a wooden framed water tower erected on the site in 1853. This clock remained in place until 1905 when work begun on the new station, the clocktower being moved to outside Princes Bridge Station.^[33] In 1911 it was moved to Spencer Street Station, where it remained until the station redevelopment of 1967. Sold to a private collector, it was returned to public ownership and is now located at the Scienceworks Museum in Spotswood.^[33]

Today's Elizabeth Street clock tower was constructed between August 1906 and November 1907, the clock being built by Melbourne clockmaker F. Ziegeler to an English design. Originally needed to be wound every day, it is now electrically operated.^[34]

[edit] Signal boxes

The first signal boxes were opened at the station in 1883, one at each end of the platforms. By the 1890s a third island platform had been constructed.^[4] From the 1900s until 1983 five signal boxes controlled traffic into Flinders Street Station.^[35] Later replaced by Metrol, four of them were located to the west in Jolimont Yard.

Flinders Street A was located at the eastern end of Flinders Street between the lines to St Kilda / Port Melbourne and Spencer Street, and controlled all traffic from the east. Constructed of brick it was of 'traditional' Victorian Railways design, it had two mechanical lever frames of equal size, totalling 280 levers.^[36] The mechanical signals were decommissioned in October 1979.^[37] The signal box has been burnt twice, the second time being in 2002,^[38] destroying the timber and glass superstructure and slate roof. In 2009 it is now being rebuilt as Signal, a youth arts centre funded by the City of Melbourne.^[39]

Flinders Street B was located at the Richmond end of Flinders Street platform 8/9 and controlled the southern tracks into and out of the station from Jolimont Yard. Constructed of brick it was of 'traditional' Victorian Railways design, and was demolished when the Federation Square Deck was built.

Flinders Street C was located beyond the Richmond end of Flinders Street platform 4/5 and controlled the northern tracks into and out of the station from the yard. Constructed of brick it was of 'traditional' Victorian Railways design, and was demolished when the Federation Square Deck was built.

Flinders Street D was located at the Richmond end of the Princes Bridge Station island platform (later renumber to Flinders Street 15/16). Of utilitarian brick construction it remains in place today just outside the Federation Square Deck, but is unused as a signal box.

Flinders Street E was located at Richmond Junction, and controlled the junction as well as access into the Richmond end of the stabling sidings. Of utilitarian brick construction it remains in place today underneath the William Barak Bridge, but is unused as a signal box.

[edit] Platforms/Services

The eastern end of Platform No. 1 is designated as Platform No. 14, located under the main concourse past the Platform 1 escalators. Platforms 12 and 13 are located under the main concourse at the eastern end of platforms 10 and 11. Platform 11 is currently not in use and is trackless. Platforms 15 and 16 were part of the former Princes Bridge Station on the northern side of Platform No. 14, and were both demolished during the construction of Federation Square.

Three concourses link the platforms. The main concourse is at the east end of the station, located off Swanston Street and the main dome, and has direct access to all platforms via escalators, stairs and lifts. The Degraves Street subway runs under the centre of the station, exiting to Flinders Street at the north end, with stairs directly connecting to all platforms except for platforms 12 and 13. The Elizabeth Street subway is at the west end, and has direct access via ramps to all platforms except for platforms 1, 12, 13 and 14.

Platform 1:

• Epping line - all stations services to Epping
• Hurstbridge line - all stations and limited stops services to Heidelberg, Macleod, Greensborough, Eltham and Hurstbridge

Platform 2:

• Lilydale and Belgrave lines - all stations and limited stops services to Box Hill, Blackburn, Ringwood, Lilydale, Upper Ferntree Gully and Belgrave
• Glen Waverley line - all stations and limited stops services to Glen Waverley
• Alamein line - peak hour all stations services to Riversdale, Ashburton and Alamein
• Epping line - peak hour all stations services to Epping

Platform 3:

• Lilydale and Belgrave lines - all stations and limited stops services to Box Hill, Blackburn, Ringwood, Lilydale, Upper Ferntree Gully and Belgrave
• Glen Waverley line - all stations and limited stops services to Glen Waverley
• Alamein line - peak hour all stations services to Riversdale, Ashburton and Alamein

Platform 4:

• Craigieburn line - all stations services to Broadmeadows and Craigieburn
• Upfield line - all stations services to Gowrie and Upfield
• Sydenham line - all stations and limited stops services to Sunshine, St Albans and Watergardens
• Werribee line - all stations and limited stops services to Werribee

Platform 5:

• Craigieburn line - all stations services to Broadmeadows and Craigieburn
• Upfield line - all stations services to Gowrie and Upfield
• Sydenham line - all stations and limited stops services to Sunshine, St Albans and Watergardens
• Werribee line - all stations and limited stops services to Werribee

Platform 6:

• Dandenong line - all stations and limited stops services to Oakleigh, Westall, Dandenong, Pakenham and Cranbourne
• Alamein line - peak hour all stations services to Riversdale, Ashburton and Alamein
• Lilydale and Belgrave lines - peak hour all stations services to Box Hill and Blackburn

Platform 7:

• Dandenong line - all stations and limited stops services to Oakleigh, Westall, Dandenong, Pakenham and Cranbourne
• Frankston line - limited stops services to Frankston

Platform 8:

• Frankston line - all stations and limited stops services to Cheltenham, Mordialloc, Carrum and Frankston
• Sandringham line - all stations services to Sandringham
• Gippsland line - intercity services to Traralgon, Sale and Bairnsdale
• Gippsland line - intercity services to Southern Cross
• Flemington Racecourse line - limited stops services to the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds and Flemington Racecourse during special events

Platform 9:

• Frankston line - all stations and limited stops services to Cheltenham, Mordialloc, Carrum and Frankston
• Sandringham line - all stations services to Sandringham
• Gippsland line - intercity services to Traralgon, Sale and Bairnsdale
• Gippsland line - intercity services to Southern Cross
• Flemington Racecourse line - limited stops services to the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds and Flemington Racecourse during special events

Platform 10:

• Williamstown line - all stations services to Williamstown
• Werribee line - peak hour all stations and limited stops services to Werribee
• Gippsland line - intercity services to Traralgon, Sale and Bairnsdale
• Gippsland line - intercity services to Southern Cross

Platform 11:

• Platform 11 is currently not in use and is trackless. When it was in use, St Kilda and Port Melbourne line services departed from here.

Platform 12:

• Sandringham line - all stations services to Sandringham
• Williamstown line - peak hour all stations services to Williamstown
• Gippsland line - intercity services to Traralgon, Sale and Bairnsdale

Platform 13:

• Sandringham line - all stations services to Sandringham

Platform 14:

• Epping line - peak hour all stations services to Epping
• Hurstbridge line - peak hour all stations and limited stops services to Heidelberg, Macleod, Greensborough, Eltham and Hurstbridge

[edit] Tram Services

[edit] Swanston Street

• 1 - East Coburg (Bell & Nicholson Streets) via Swanston Street, Lygon Street, Holmes Street and Nicholson Street
• 1 - South Melbourne Beach (Beaconsfield Parade & Victoria Avenue) via St Kilda Road, Sturt Street, Park Street, Montague Street and Victoria Avenue
• 3 - University of Melbourne via Swanston Street
• 3 - East Malvern (Waverley & Darling Roads) via St Kilda Road, Balaclava Road and Waverley Road
• 5 - University of Melbourne via Swanston Street
• 5 - Malvern (Wattletree & Burke Roads) via St Kilda Road, Queens Way, Dandenong Road and Wattletree Road
• 6 - University of Melbourne via Swanston Street
• 6 - Glen Iris (High Street & Burke Road) via St Kilda Road and High Street
• 8 - Moreland (Moreland Road & Cameron Street) via Swanston Street, Lygon Street, Holmes Street, Nicholson Street and Moreland Road
• 8 - Toorak (Toorak & Glenferrie Roads) via St Kilda Road and Toorak Road
• 16 - University of Melbourne via Swanston Street
• 16 - Kew (Glenferrie and Cotham Roads) via St Kilda Road, Fitzroy Street, The Esplanade, Carlisle Street, Balaclava Road, Hawthorn Road and Glenferrie Road
• 64 - University of Melbourne via Swanston Street
• 64 - East Brighton (Hawthorn Road & Napean Highway) via St Kilda Road, Queens Way, Dandenong Road and Hawthorn Road
• 67 - University of Melbourne via Swanston Street
• 67 - Carnegie (Glenhuntly & Koornang Roads) via St Kilda Road, Brighton Road and Glenhuntly Road
• 72 - University of Melbourne via Swanston Street
• 72 - Camberwell (Bourke & Cotham Roads) via St Kilda Road, Commercial Road, Malvern Road and Burke Road.

[edit] Elizabeth Street

• 19 - North Coburg (Sydney and Bakers Road) via Elizabeth Street, Royal Parade and Sydney Road
• 57 - West Maribyrnong (Cordite Avenue &Central Park Avenue) via Elizabeth Street, Victoria Street, Errol Street, Queensberry Street, Abbotsford Street, Flemington Road, Racecourse Road, Epsom Road, Union Road, Maribyrnong Road, Raleigh Road and Cardite Avenue
• 59 - Westfield Airport West via Elizabeth Street, Flemington Road, Mount Alexander Road, Fletcher Street, Keilor Road and Matthews Avenue

[edit] Flinders Street

• 48 - Docklands (Waterfront City) via Flinders Street, Docklands Drive and Harbour Esplanade
• 48 - North Balwyn (Doncaster Road) via Flinders Street, Wellington Parade, Bridge Road, Church Street, High Street and Doncaster Road
• 70 - Docklands (Bourke Street) via Flinders Street and Harbour Esplanade
• 70 - Wattle Park (Elgar Road & Riversdale Road) via Flinders Street, Melbourne Park, Swan Street and Riversdale Road
• 75 - City (Spencer & Latrobe Streets) via Flinders Street and Spencer Street
• 75 - Vermont South (Burwood Highway & Hanover Road) via Flinders Street, Wellington Parade, Bridge Road, Burwood Road, Riversdale Road, Camberwell Road, Toorak Road and Burwood Highway
• City Circle - Flinders Street, Spring Street, Latrobe Street, Docklands

[edit] References

• Jenny Davies (2008). Beyond the Façade: Flinders Street, More than just a Railway Station. Publishing Solutions. ISBN 978-1-921488-03-0. 
• Victorian Department of Infrastructure article on Flinders Street Station

Specific

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Flinders Street Station

• Flinders Street Station is at 37°49′05″S 144°58′01″E / 37.818078°S 144.96681°E / -37.818078; 144.96681Coordinates: 37°49′05″S 144°58′01″E / 37.818078°S 144.96681°E / -37.818078; 144.96681

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