Endemic species of Taiwan

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The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.

Category	Total species	Endemic species (& ssp.)	Percentages
Mammals	70	45	64%
Birds	450	84	19%
Reptiles	85	27	32%
Amphibians	32	10	31%
Freshwater Fishes	220	36	16%
Butterflies	400	50	13%
Total	1,257	252	20%

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Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.^[1]

Category	Total (native) species	Endemic species (& ssp.)	Percentages
Pteridophytes	629	72	11%
Gymnosperms	28	18	64%
Dicotyledons	2,410	750	31%
Monocotyledons	1,010	227	23%
Total	4,077	1,067	26%

Contents 1 Endemic mammals 2 Endemic birds 3 Endemic reptiles 4 Endemic amphibians 5 Endemic freshwater fishes 6 References 7 See also 8 External links

[edit] Endemic mammals

Formosan Serow Formosan Macaque

• Order Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates)

1. Formosan Serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)

• Order Insectivora (Shrews)

1. Formosan Shrew – Soriculus fumidus Thomas
2. Tada's Shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
3. Koshun Shrew – Soriculus sodalis Thomas

• Order Rodentia (Rodents)

1. Formosan Field Vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
2. Spinous Country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
3. Formosan White-bellied Rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
4. Kikuchi's Field Vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)

• Order Primate (Primates)

1. Formosan Macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)

• Order Chiroptera (Bats)

1. Formosan Long-eared Bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
2. Formosan Mouse-eared Bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
3. Formosan Tube-nosed Bat – Murina puta Kishida
4. Yellow-necked Bat – Arielulus torquatus Gabor & Lee
5. Formosan Broad-muzzled Bat – Myotis latirostris Kishida
6. Formosan Leaf-nosed Bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
7. Formosan Greater Horseshoe Bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
8. Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen

[edit] Endemic birds

Formosan Blue Magpie Taiwan Whistling Thrush Mikado Pheasant

Fourteen endemic bird species of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 471 bird species). These birds make up about 9% of all birds living in Taiwan. Another 69 subspecies are endemic, accounting for another 45% of the local resident population.

• Order Passeriformes (Passerines and relatives)

1. Taiwan Tit – Parus holsti Seebohm
2. Taiwan Laughing Thrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
3. Taiwan Sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
4. Taiwan Yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
5. Taiwan Barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
6. Steere's Liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
7. Formosan Blue Magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
8. Taiwan Bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
9. Taiwan Whistling Thrush – Myiophoneus insularis Gould
10. Collared Bush Robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
11. Taiwan Firecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
12. Taiwan Bush-warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis

• Order Galliformes (Chicken-like Birds)

1. Taiwan Hill Partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
2. Mikado Pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilivie-Grant)
3. Swinhoe's Pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)

[edit] Endemic reptiles

• Order Squamata (Lizards and Snakes)

1. Formosan Smooth Skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
2. Taiwan Forest Skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
3. Lanyu Scaly-toed Gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
4. Kikuchi's Gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
5. Lue's Japalura – Japalura luei Ota, Chen & Shang
6. Maki's Japalura – Japalura makii Ota
7. Swinhoe's Japalura – Japalura swinhonis Gunther
8. Short-legged Japalura – Japalura brevipes Gressitt
9. Formosan Legless Lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
10. Formosan Grass Lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
11. Sauteri Grass Lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
12. Hsuehshan Grass Lizard – Takydromus hsueshanesis Lin & Cheng
13. Stejneger's Grass Lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
14. Hengchun Blind Snake – Typhlops koshunensis Oshima
15. Taiwan Slug-eating Snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
16. Formosa Odd-scaled Snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
17. Black Odd-scaled Snake – Achalinus niger Maki
18. Maki's Keelback – Amphiesma miyajimae Maki
19. Swinhoe's Grass Snake – Phabdophis swinhonis (Gunther)
20. Formosa Coral Snake – Hemibungarus sauteri (Steindachner)
21. Taiwan Pit-viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima

[edit] Endemic amphibians

• Order Anura (Frogs and Toads)

1. Central Formosan Toad – Bufo bankorensis
2. Emerald Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
3. Farmland Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus arvalis
4. Taipei Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus taipeianus
5. Moltrecht's Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
6. Robust Buerger's Frog – Buergeria robusta
7. Temple Treefrog – Chirixalus idiootocus
8. Orange-belly Treefrog – Rhacophorus aurantiventris

• Order Urodela (Salamanders and Newts)

1. Formosan Salamander – Hynobius formosanus
2. Sonani's Salamander – Hynobius sonani

[edit] Endemic freshwater fishes

Formosan Landlocked Salmon

• Order Cypriniformes (Minnows and Carps)

1. Taitung River Loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng et Shen
2. Formosan River Loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
3. River Loach – Crossostoma lacustre (Steindachner)
4. Pulin River Loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
5. Rasborinus macrolepis (Regan) (Extinct)
6. Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
7. Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
8. Lake Candidus Dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
9. Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu et Nalbant
10. Taiwan Ku Fish – Scaphesthes alticorpus (Oshima)
11. Freshwater Minnow – Zacco pachycephalus (Günther)
12. Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu et Nalbant
13. Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
14. Medaka – Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
15. Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)

• Order Perciformes (Perch-like Fishes)

1. Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma et Chen
2. Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
3. Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
4. Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma et Chen
5. Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen et Shao
6. Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen et Shao
7. Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen et Shao
8. Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee et Chang
9. Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen) (Extinct)
10. Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller et Fang

• Order Siluriformes (Catfishes)

1. Formosan Trooent Catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
2. Bagrid Catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
3. Bagrid Catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan

• Order Osmeriformes (Smelts, Galaxiids, and relatives)

1. Ariake Icefish – Salanx acuticeps Regan (Extinct)

• Order Salmoniformes (Salmons and Trouts)

1. Formosan Landlocked Salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan et Oshima)

[edit] References

1. ^ Hsieh, C. F. (2002) Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47(4): 298-310.

[edit] See also

• List of protected species in Taiwan
• Ecology of Taiwan

[edit] External links

• Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute
• Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network