Hong Kong International Airport

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Hong Kong International Airport 香港國際機場 赤鱲角機場 Chek Lap Kok Airport
IATA: HKG – ICAO: VHHH
Summary
Airport type		Public
Operator		Airport Authority Hong Kong
Serves		Hong Kong
Location		Chek Lap Kok
Elevation AMSL		28 ft / 9 m
Coordinates		22°18′32″N 113°54′52″E / 22.30889°N 113.91444°E / 22.30889; 113.91444Coordinates: 22°18′32″N 113°54′52″E / 22.30889°N 113.91444°E / 22.30889; 113.91444
Runways
Direction	Length		Surface
	ft	m
07R/25L	12,467	3,800	Asphalt
07L/25R	12,467	3,800	Asphalt

Hong Kong International Airport
Traditional Chinese:	香港國際機場
Simplified Chinese:	香港国际机场
Transliterations Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Xiānggǎng Guójì Jīchǎng Cantonese - Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 gwok3 zai3 gei1 coeng4
Chek Lap Kok Airport
Traditional Chinese:	赤鱲角機場
Simplified Chinese:	赤鱲角机场
Transliterations Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Chìliè Jiǎo Jīchǎng Cantonese - Jyutping: cek3 laap6 gok3 gei1 coeng4

Hong Kong International Airport (IATA: HKG, ICAO: VHHH) is the main airport in Hong Kong. It is colloquially known as Chek Lap Kok Airport (赤鱲角機場), because it was built on the island of Chek Lap Kok by land reclamation, and also to distinguish it from its predecessor, the closed Kai Tak Airport.

The airport opened for commercial operations in 1998, replacing Kai Tak, and is an important regional trans-shipment centre, passenger hub and gateway for destinations in Mainland China and the rest of Asia. Despite a relatively short history, Hong Kong International Airport has won seven Skytrax World Airport Awards in just ten years.^[1][2]

HKIA also operates one of the world's largest passenger terminal buildings and operates twenty-four hours a day. In 2008, Hong Kong International Airport was the second busiest airport in the world in terms of cargo traffic, handling 3,656,724 tons of cargo. It was also the 12th busiest airport worldwide in terms of passenger thoughput, registering 47,898,000. HKIA is the primary hub for Cathay Pacific, Dragonair, Hong Kong Express Airways, Hong Kong Airlines, Air Hong Kong (cargo) and Asia Jet (private).

Contents 1 History 2 Operations 3 Air traffic 3.1 Main airlines based at HKIA 3.2 Passenger facilities 3.2.1 Terminal 1 3.2.2 Terminal 2 3.2.3 Hong Kong Business Aviation Centre 3.3 Intermodal transportation hub 3.4 Baggage and cargo facilities 3.5 Aircraft maintenance services 3.6 Airport based ground services 4 Airlines and destinations 4.1 Terminal 1 4.2 Terminal 2 4.3 Cargo airlines 5 Ground transport 5.1 Rail 5.2 Bus 5.3 Ferry 5.4 Taxi 6 Accidents and incidents 7 Awards 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

[edit] History

Chek Lap Kok Airport was designed as a replacement for the former Hong Kong International Airport (popularly known as Kai Tak Airport) originally built in 1925. Located in the densely built-up Kowloon City District with a single runway extending into Kowloon Bay, Kai Tak had only limited room for expansion to cope with steadily increasing air traffic. By the 1990s, Kai Tak had become one of the world's busiest airports – it far exceeded its annual passenger and cargo design capacities, and one out of every three flights was delayed, largely due to lack of space for aircraft, gates, and a second runway.^[3] In addition, noise mitigation measures restricted nighttime flights, as severe noise pollution (exceeding 105 dB(A) in Kowloon City) was estimated to adversely affect at least 340,000 people.^[4][5]

A 1974 planning study by the Hong Kong Civil Aviation and Public Works departments identified the small island of Chek Lap Kok, off Lantau Island, as a possible airport replacement site. Removed from the congested city center, flight paths would be routed over water rather than populous urban areas, enabling round-the-clock operation of multiple runways. Construction of the new airport, however, did not begin until 1991. It was built on a largely artificial island, formed by leveling Chek Lap Kok and Lam Chau islands (3.02 km² and 0.08 km² respectively), and reclaiming 9.38 km² of the adjacent seabed. The 12.48 km² airport site added nearly 1% to Hong Kong's total surface area; it connects to the north side of Lantau Island near Tung Chung new town.^[6]

Operations and Statistics
Passenger movements
1998	28,631,000	2004	37,142,000
1999	30,394,000	2005	40,740,000
2000	33,374,000	2006	44,443,000
2001	33,065,000	2007	47,783,000
2002	34,313,000	2008	48,582,000
2003	27,433,000
Airfreight movements in tonnes
1998	1,628,700	2004	3,093,900
1999	1,974,300	2005	3,402,000
2000	2,240,600	2006	3,580,000
2001	2,074,300	2007	3,742,000
2002	1,637,797	2008	3,627,000
2003	2,642,100
Aircraft movements
1998	163,200	2004	237,300
1999	167,400	2005	263,500
2000	181,900	2006	280,000
2001	196,800	2007	295,580
2002	206,700	2008	301,000
2003	187,500
Capacity
Passenger (current)			45,000,000
Passenger (ultimate)			87,000,000
Cargo (current)			3m tonnes
Cargo (ultimate)			9m tonnes
Apron (current)			96
Number of destinations
International (air)			154
International (water)			6

Construction of the new airport was only part of the Airport Core Programme, which also involved construction of new road and rail links to the airport, with associated bridges and tunnels, and major land reclamation projects on both Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon. The project is the most expensive airport project ever, according to Guinness World Records. Construction of the new airport was voted as one of the Top 10 Construction Achievements of the 20th Century at the ConExpo conference in 1999.^[7]

With one of the world's largest airport terminals, the ability to withstand an intense typhoon was a major concern. The sides of the terminals, predominantly glass, were designed to break during high speed winds, relieving pressure and allowing the terminal to remain standing.^[8]

Opened on 6 July 1998, a week later than the new Kuala Lumpur International Airport, it took six years and US$20 billion to build. On that day at 6:25 a.m., Cathay Pacific's CX889 was the first commercial flight to land at the airport, pipping the original CX292 from Rome which was the scheduled first arrival. The architects were Foster and Partners. For three to five months after its opening, it suffered various severe organisational, mechanical, and technical problems that almost crippled the airport. Computer glitches were the main cause of the crisis.^[9] At one time, the government reopened the cargo terminal at Kai Tak Airport to handle freight traffic because of a breakdown at the new cargo terminal, named Super Terminal One (ST1). However, after six months the airport started to operate normally.

Officially opened in June 2007, the second airport terminal, called T2, (check-in facility only) is linked with the Airport Express Line with a new platform. The terminal also features a new shopping mall SkyPlaza, providing a large variety of shops and restaurants, together with a few entertainment facilities. T2 also houses a 36-bay coach station for buses to and from mainland China and 56 airline check-in counters, as well as customs and immigration facilities.

Besides T2, the SkyCity Nine Eagles Golf Course has been opened in 2007 whereas the second airport hotel, the Hong Kong SkyCity Marriott Hotel; and a permanent cross-boundary ferry terminal, the SkyPier, are slated to begin operation in 2008 and 2009 repectively. Development around T2 also includes the AsiaWorld-Expo which has started operation in late 2005. ^[10]

A study for the HKIA Master Plan 2030 is underway to examine whether and how infrastructures at HKIA - including airport access, terminal and apron facilities and a new runway - should be developed to support the economic growth of Hong Kong and the region.

[edit] Operations

The airport is operated by the Airport Authority Hong Kong, a statutory body wholly owned by the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Civil Aviation Department (CAD) is responsible for the provision of air traffic control services, certification of Hong Kong registered aircraft, monitoring of airlines on their compliance with bilateral Air Services Agreements, and the regulation of general civil aviation activities.

The airport has two parallel runways, both of which are 3800 metres in length and 60 metres wide, enabling them to cater to the next generation of aircraft. The south runway has been given a Category II Precision Approach, while the north runway has the higher Category IIIA rating, which allows pilots to land in only 200 metre visibility. The two runways have an ultimate capacity of over 60 aircraft movements an hour. At present there are 49 frontal stands, 28 remote stands and 25 cargo stands. Five parking bays at the Northwest Concourse are already capable of accommodating the arrivals of the next generation of aircraft. A satellite concourse with 10 frontal stands for narrow body aircraft is under construction to the north of the main concourse for commissioning by the end of 2009, bringing the total number of frontal stands at the airport to 59.

The airport was the third busiest airport for passenger traffic in Asia in 2005, and the world's second busiest airport for cargo traffic in 2005. In terms of international traffic, the airport is the third busiest for passenger traffic and the busiest for cargo since its operation in 1998. There are 85 international airlines providing about 800 scheduled passenger and all-cargo flights each day between Hong Kong and some 150 destinations worldwide. About 76 percent of these flights are operated with wide-bodied jets. There are also an average of approximately 31 non-scheduled passenger and cargo flights each week.^[11]

The operation of scheduled air services to and from Hong Kong is facilitated by air services agreements between Hong Kong and other countries. Since the opening of HKIA, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government has implemented a policy of progressive liberalisation of air services with the intention of promoting consumer choice and competition. Many low-cost airlines have started various regional routes to compete head-on with full-service carriers on trunk routes.

The airport's long term expansion opportunities are subject to variables. A proposal to build a third runway has been under feasibility study and consultation but would be very expensive as it would involve additional reclamation from deep waters, and the building cost of the third runway may be as high as the building cost of the entire airport. On the other hand, there exists only one airway between Hong Kong and mainland China, and this single route is often and easily backed up causing delays on both sides. Finally, China requires that aircraft flying the single air route between Hong Kong and the mainland must be at an altitude of least 15,000 feet. Talks are underway to persuade the Chinese military to relax its airspace restriction in view of worsening air traffic congestion at the airport.

[edit] Air traffic

[edit] Main airlines based at HKIA

Several airlines are based at Hong Kong International Airport:

• Cathay Pacific is the flag carrier of Hong Kong. Cathay operates a mixed all-widebody fleet of highly-advanced Airbuses and Boeings, providing scheduled services to destinations in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania.
  • Dragonair (regional) operates narrow and widebody Airbus aircraft providing scheduled passenger services to the rest of Southeast Asia, Japan as well as Mainland China. It also operates freighter services to Mainland China.
    • Air Hong Kong Limited (cargo) operates scheduled all-cargo services between Hong Kong and destinations in Asia.
• Hong Kong Express operates a narrow-body fleet of Boeing 737-800s with scheduled services throughout Asia. Hong Kong Express also operates a helicopter service to the areas within the Pearl River Delta region.
  • Hong Kong Airlines only operates scheduled passenger services to destinations within China and Vietnam.

Recreational flying in Hong Kong is catered for by the Hong Kong Aviation Club, which undertakes flying training for private pilots and provides facilities for private owners.

The Government Flying Service provides short and long range search and rescue services, police support, medical evacuation and general purpose flights for the Government.

[edit] Passenger facilities

The airport is one of the most accessible in operation today. Despite its size, the passenger terminal is designed for maximum convenience. A simple layout and effective signage, moving walkways and the automated people mover allow quick and easy movement throughout the building. The airport also features the HKIA Automated People Mover, a driverless people mover system consisting of 3 stations to provide fast transportation from the check-in area to the gates (and vice versa). These trains travel at 62km/h and the service is provided for free to all passengers and crew.

The airport has a total of 70 boarding gates ^[12], with 63 jet bridge gates and seven virtual gates which are used as assembly points for passengers, who are then ferried to the aircraft by apron buses. Of the 63 jet bridges, five are capable of handling the Airbus A380.

[edit] Terminal 1

Terminal 1 of the HKIA is currently the third largest airport passenger terminal building in the world (570,000 m²), after Dubai International Airport's Terminal 3 (over 1,500,000m²) and Beijing Capital International Airport's Terminal 3 (986,000 m²^[13]).

At its opening, Terminal 1 was the largest airport passenger terminal building, with a total gross floor area of 550,000 m². It briefly conceded the status to Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport (563,000 m²) when the latter opened on 15 September 2006, but reclaimed the title when the East Hall was expanded, bring its total area to the current 570,000 m². (The East Hall expansion included a 39,000 m² expansion to SkyMart, a shopping mall.) Terminal 1's title as the world's largest was surrendered to Beijing Capital International Airport's Terminal 3 on 29 February 2008.

[edit] Terminal 2

Terminal 2 of the Hong Kong International Airport, together with the Skyplaza, opened on 28 February 2007 along with the opening of the Airport Station's Platform 3^[14]. It is only a check-in and processing facility for departing passengers with no gates or arrival facilities. (Passengers are transported underground to gates at Terminal 1.) So far AirAsia, Bangkok Airways, Hong Kong Express, Hong Kong Airlines, Jetstar Asia Airways, Jet Airways, Royal Jordanian Airlines, Philippine Airlines, Siem Reap Airways, South African Airways, Thai Airways International and Uni Air have relocated their check-in operations to T2. The SkyPlaza is situated within Terminal 2.

[edit] Hong Kong Business Aviation Centre

The Hong Kong Business Aviation Centre (BAC) is located within the confines of the airport and has its own terminal and facilities separate from the public terminal. It provides a full range of services for executive aircraft and passengers, including passenger lounge, private rooms and showers, business centre facilities, ground handling, baggage handling, fuelling, security, customs and flight planning. Designated spaces and hangarage are also provided at the BAC for private aircraft. Asia Jet also utilises this facility.

[edit] Intermodal transportation hub

In order to sustain the growth of passengers, the Airport Authority formulated a “push and pull through” strategy to expand its connections to new sources of passengers and cargo. This means adapting the network to the rapidly-growing markets in China and in particular to the Pearl River Delta region (PRD). In 2003, two major events improved connections to the PRD. One was the opening of a new Airport-Mainland Coach Station. The coach station features a 230 m² waiting lounge and sheltered bays for ten coaches. The dedicated coach terminal provides a comfortable environment for passengers travelling between HKIA and different cities in the PRD. A huge number of buses are operating per day to transport passengers between HKIA and major cities in the Mainland.^[15]

The Coach Station was relocated to Terminal 2 in 2007. The 36 bays at the new Coach Station allow cross-border coaches to make 320 trips a day carrying passengers between the airport and 90 cities and towns in the PRD. Local tour and hotel coaches also operate from T2.^[16]

HKIA’s network to China is also expanded by the opening of SkyPier in late September 2003, offering millions in the PRD direct access to the airport. Passengers coming to SkyPier by high-speed ferries can board buses for onward flights while arriving air passengers can board ferries at the pier for their journeys back to the PRD. Passengers travelling both directions can bypass custom and immigration formalities, which reduces transit time. Four ports – Shekou, Shenzhen, Macau and Humen (Dongguan) – were initially served. As of August 2007, SkyPier serves Shenzhen's Shekou and Fuyong, Dongguan's Humen, Macau, Zhongshan and Zhuhai. Moreover, passengers travelling from Shekou and Macau piers can even complete airline check-in procedures with participating airlines before boarding the ferries and go straight to the boarding gate for the connecting flight at HKIA. The provision of cross boundary coach and ferry services has transformed HKIA into an inter-modal transportation hub combining air, sea and land transport.

[edit] Baggage and cargo facilities

Ramp handling services are provided by Hong Kong Airport Services Limited (HAS), Jardine Air Terminal Services Limited, and Menzies Aviation Group. Their services include the handling of mail and passenger baggage, transportation of cargo, aerobridge operations and the operation of passenger stairways. The airport has an advanced baggage handling system (BHS), the main section of which is located in the basement level of the passenger terminal, and a separate remote transfer facility at the western end of the main concourse for handling of tight connection transfer bags.

HKIA currently handles well over three million tonnes of cargo annually.^[17] Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited operates one of the two air cargo terminals at the airport. Its headquarters, the 328,000 m² SuperTerminal 1^[18], is the world’s second largest stand-alone air cargo handling facility, after the opening of the West Cargo Handling Area of the Shanghai Pudong International Airport in 26 Mar 2008. The designed capacity is 2.6 million tonnes of freight a year. The second air cargo terminal is operated by Asia Airfreight Terminal Company Limited, and currently has a capacity of 1.5 million tonnes a year.^[19] It is envisaged that HKIA’s total air cargo capacity per annum will reach nine million tonnes ultimately.^[20]

[edit] Aircraft maintenance services

Both line and base maintenance services are undertaken by Hong Kong Aircraft Engineering Company (HAECO), while China Aircraft Services Limited and Pan Asia Pacific Aviation Services Limited carry out line maintenance. Line maintenance services include routine servicing of aircraft performed during normal turnaround periods and regularly scheduled layover periods. Base maintenance covers all airframe maintenance services and, for this, HAECO has a three-bay hangar, which can accommodate up to three Boeing B747-400 aircraft and two Airbus A320 aircraft, and an adjoining support workshop. HAECO also has the world's largest mobile hangar, weighing over 400 tons. It can be used to enclose half of a wide-body airplane, so that the whole facility can fully enclose four 747s when the mobile hangar is used. A new two-bay hangar that locates next to the current one will be in operation by the end of 2006.

[edit] Airport based ground services

The Air Traffic Control Complex (ATCX), located at the centre of the airfield, is the nerve centre of the entire air traffic control system. Some 370 air traffic controllers and supporting staff work around the clock to provide air traffic control services for the safe and efficient flow of aircraft movements within the Hong Kong Flight Information Region (FIR). At the Air Traffic Control Tower, controllers provide 24-hour aerodrome control services to aircraft operating at the airport. A Backup Air Traffic Control Centre/Tower constructed to the north of the ATCX is available for operational use in the event normal services provided in the ATCX are disrupted by unforeseen circumstances. Apart from serving as an operational backup, the facilities are also used for air traffic control training.

The Airport Meteorological Office (AMO) of the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) provides weather services for the aviation community The AMO makes routine and special weather observations and provides fixed-time aerodrome forecasts and landing forecasts for the HKIA. It issues aerodrome warnings on adverse weather for protection of aerodrome facilities and aircraft on the ground. It also issues significant weather information on thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, turbulence, icing, and other hazardous weather which may affect aviation safety in the area within which Hong Kong is responsible for the provision of air traffic services. To enhance the safety of aircraft landing and taking off from HKIA, the AMO issues alerts of low-level windshear and turbulence.

Rescue and fire fighting services within the airport are covered by the Airport Fire Contingent of the Hong Kong Fire Services Department. The contingent has a strength of 282 uniformed members, operating two fire stations and two rescue berths for 24-hour emergency calls. It is equipped with 14 fire appliances which can respond to incidents within two minutes in optimum conditions of visibility and surface conditions, satisfying the relevant recommendation of the International Civil Aviation Organisation. Two high capacity rescue boats, supported by eight speed boats, form the core of sea rescue operations.

[edit] Airlines and destinations

[edit] Terminal 1

Airlines and destinations out of Terminal 1

Airlines	Destinations
Aeroflot	Moscow-Sheremetyevo
Air Canada	Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver
Air China	Beijing-Capital, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Tianjin
Air France	Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Air India	Delhi, Mumbai, Osaka-Kansai
Air Mauritius	Mauritius
Air New Zealand	Auckland, London-Heathrow
Air Niugini	Port Moresby
All Nippon Airways	Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita
All Nippon Airways operated by Air Japan	Tokyo-Haneda
Air Pacific	Nadi [begins 3 December]
Asiana Airlines	Seoul-Incheon
Biman Bangladesh Airlines	Dhaka
British Airways	London-Heathrow
Cathay Pacific	Adelaide, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bahrain, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Brisbane, Cairns, Cebu, Chennai, Colombo, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Dubai, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manila, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nagoya-Centrair, New York-JFK, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Penang, Perth, Riyadh, Rome-Fiumicino, San Francisco, Sapporo-Chitose, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver
Cebu Pacific	Cebu, Clark, Davao [seasonal], Manila
China Airlines	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Jakarta, Kaohsiung, Taipei-Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines	Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Hefei, Jinan, Kunming, Nanchang, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai-Pudong, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Wenzhou, Wuxi, Xi'an
China Southern Airlines	Beijing-Capital, Changchun, Changsha, Guangzhou, Guilin, Haikou, Harbin, Meixian, Nanning, Sanya, Shantou, Shenyang, Ürümqi, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yinchuan, Yiwu, Zhengzhou
Continental Airlines	Newark
Dragonair	Bangalore, Beijing-Capital, Busan, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dhaka, Fuzhou, Guangzhou [begins 14 September], Hangzhou, Hanoi, Kaohsiung, Kathmandu, Kota Kinabalu, Kunming, Manila, Nanjing, Ningbo, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Qingdao, Sanya, Shanghai-Pudong, Shenyang, Taichung, Taipei Taoyuan, Wuhan, Xiamen
El Al	Tel Aviv
Emirates Airlines	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dubai
Ethiopian Airlines	Addis Ababa, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi
EVA Air	Taipei-Taoyuan
Finnair	Helsinki
Garuda Indonesia	Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta, Surabaya
Japan Airlines	Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Haneda, Tokyo-Narita
Kenya Airways	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Nairobi
KLM	Amsterdam
Korean Air	Busan, Seoul-Incheon
Lufthansa	Frankfurt, Munich
Malaysia Airlines	Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Kuching
Mandarin Airlines	Kaohsiung, Taichung
Nepal Airlines	Kathmandu
Northwest Airlines	Tokyo-Narita
Orient Thai Airlines	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Phuket
Pakistan International Airlines	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Islamabad, Lahore
Qantas	Brisbane, London-Heathrow, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Qatar Airways	Doha
Royal Brunei Airlines	Bandar Seri Begawan
Saudi Arabian Airlines	Jeddah, Riyadh1
Shanghai Airlines	Shanghai-Pudong
Sichuan Airlines	Chengdu, Yichang
Singapore Airlines	San Francisco, Singapore
SriLankan Airlines	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Colombo
Swiss International Air Lines	Zürich
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul-Atatürk
United Airlines	Chicago-O'Hare, Ho Chi Minh City, San Francisco, Singapore
Vietnam Airlines	Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
Virgin Atlantic Airways	London-Heathrow, Sydney
Xiamen Airlines	Fuzhou, Wuyishan, Xiamen

Notes

• Note 1: Although some of Saudi Arabian Airlines's flights to Saudi Arabia stop in Manila, Saudi Arabian Airlines has no rights to transport passengers between Hong Kong and Manila.

[edit] Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is a check-in only facility. All boarding gates, transfer, and arrival facilities are in Terminal 1.

Airlines and destinations out of Terminal 2

Airlines	Destinations
AirAsia	Kuala Lumpur, Penang [begins 31 July]
Bangkok Airways	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Koh Samui
Hong Kong Airlines	Changsha, Guilin, Guiyang, Haikou, Hanoi, Kunming, Nanning, Sanya, Xiamen
Hong Kong Express Airways	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Chengdu, Chongqing, Denpasar/Bali, Hangzhou, Harbin, Kathmandu, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Ningbo, Okinawa, Phuket, Sapporo, Shanghai-Pudong, Taichung, Xi'an
Jet Airways	Mumbai
Jetstar Asia Airways	Singapore
Philippine Airlines	Manila
Royal Jordanian	Amman, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi
South African Airways	Johannesburg
Thai AirAsia	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi
Thai Airways International	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Phuket, Seoul-Incheon, Taipei-Taoyuan

[edit] Cargo airlines

Cargo airlines at HKIA

Airlines	Destinations
ACT Airlines	Cebu, Dhaka, Lahore, Port Moresby, Taipei-Taoyuan
Aeroflot-Cargo	Almaty, Moscow, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk
AirBridgeCargo Airlines	Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Krasnojarsk, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, St. Petersburg
Air China Cargo	Beijing-Capital, Tianjin
Air France Cargo	Bahrain, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Zaragoza
Air Hong Kong	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Manila, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Penang, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita
ANA Cargo	Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita
Asiana Cargo	Seoul-Incheon
Atlas Air	Adana Incirlik, Ault Field, Chicago-O'Hare, Fairfield, Kagoshima, Kuwait, Melbourne, Miami, New York-JFK, Osaka-Kansai, Sapporo-Chitose, Seoul-Incheon, Sydney
British Airways World Cargo	Chennai, Cologne/Bonn, Delhi, London-Stansted, Mumbai, Munich
Cargolux	Almaty, Abu Dhabi, Baku, Barcelona, Budapest, Dammam, Doha, Helsinki, Karaganda, Komatsu, Kuwait, Luxemburg, Melbourne
Cathay Pacific Cargo	Amsterdam, Anchorage, Atlanta, Brussels, Chennai, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi, Dhaka, Dubai, Frankfurt, Hanoi, Houston-Intercontinental, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manchester, Melbourne, Miami, Milan-Malpensa, Mumbai, New York-JFK, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Penang, San Francisco, Seoul-Incheon, Singapore, Stockholm-Arlanda, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Toronto-Pearson, Tokyo-Narita, Vancouver
Dragonair Cargo	Chengdu, Manchester, Osaka-Kansai, Shanghai-Pudong, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tehran-Mehrabad, Xiamen
Czech Airlines Cargo	Dubai, Prague
China Cargo Airlines	Qingdao, Shanghai-Pudong
China Airlines Cargo	Taipei-Taoyuan
Donghai Airlines	Chengdu, Shenzhen
El Al Cargo	Almaty, Seoul-Incheon, Tel Aviv
Emirates SkyCargo	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Chennai, Dubai
EVA Air Cargo	Taipei-Taoyuan
Evergreen International Airlines	Bagram, Nagoya-Centrair, New York-JFK
FedEx Express	Almaty, Anchorage, Chicago-O'Hare, Cologne/Bonn, Delhi, Indianapolis, London-Stansted, Memphis, New York-JFK, Newark, Oakland, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Seoul-Incheon, San Francisco, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita
Gemini Air Cargo	New York-JFK, Sapporo-Chitose
Grandstar Cargo	Tianjin
JAL Cargo	Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita
Jade Cargo International	Vienna
Jett8 Airlines Cargo	Singapore
Kalitta Air	Abu Dhabi, Anchorage, Bahrain, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Chicago-O'Hare, Columbus, Dubai, Frankfurt, Guam, Honolulu, Khabarovsk, Maastricht, New York-JFK
KLM Cargo	Almaty, Amsterdam
Korean Air Cargo	Seoul-Incheon
Kuzu Airlines Cargo	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Manila, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Penang, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita
Lufthansa Cargo	Almaty, Bahrain, Chennai, Frankfurt, Hanoi, Leipzig/Halle, Sharjah, Tashkent
Mandarin Airlines	Kaohsiung
MASkargo	Kuala Lumpur, Penang
Martinair Cargo	Amsterdam, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Sharjah
MK Airlines	Karaganda
Nippon Cargo Airlines	Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita
Orient Thai Airways Cargo	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi
Philippine Airlines Cargo	Manila
Polar Air Cargo	Anchorage, Chicago-O'Hare, Los Angeles, New York-JFK, Seoul-Incheon, Wilmington
Qantas Freight	Geelong, Sydney
Saudi Arabian Airlines Cargo	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dammam, Jeddah, Lahore, Riyadh
Shanghai Airlines Cargo	Shanghai-Pudong
Singapore Airlines Cargo	Amsterdam, Anchorage, Chennai, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Don Miguel, Los Angeles, Sharjah, Singapore, Sydney
Southern Air	Anchorage, Chicago-O'Hare, Maastricht, Sharjah, Seoul-Incheon
Star Airlines (Macedonia)	Skopje ,Bishkek, Sharjah, Almaty
Thai Global Airline	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi
Transmile Air Services	Anchorage, Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Riverside, Subang
UPS Airlines	Anchorage, Clark, Cologne/Bonn, Dubai, Honolulu, Louisville, Mumbai, Ontario, Osaka-Kansai, Philadelphia, Sapporo-Chitose, Seoul-Incheon, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Wilmington
World Airways	Anchorage, Seoul-Incheon
Yangtze River Express	Hangzhou, Qingdao

[edit] Ground transport

The new Hong Kong International Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind connected by the North Lantau Highway on Lantau Island, providing a fast and scenic link to inner Hong Kong. Getting to and from Hong Kong International Airport is therefore easy, convenient and relatively inexpensive.

Terminal-to-terminal travel is also quick and simple. Operated by the Airport Authority and maintained by MTR Corporation, there is a automated people mover connecting the East Hall to the West Hall and newly opened Terminal 2. There are further plans for this people mover to be extended to SkyPier.

[edit] Rail

The airport can be reached by the Airport Express, a dedicated rail link provided by the MTR. It takes 24 minutes to reach the airport from Hong Kong station, thus awarding it the fastest mode of transport to get to the airport.^[21] It offers local MTR line connections along the line. In addition, both Kowloon and Tsing Yi stations provide complimentary and exclusive in-town check-in services for major airlines.

Passengers may also consider take the 1-minute journey to AsiaWorld-Expo, which is also located in Chek Lap Kok. This segment of the Airport Express started operations on 20 December 2005 to facilitate the opening of the expo.

In the latest policy address by Donald Tsang Yam-kuen, the chief executive of the Special Administrative Region, the government is also studying the feasibility of building a railway connecting between Hong Kong International Airport and Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport to provide further convenience to business and leisure travellers.^[22]

[edit] Bus

Citybus, New Lantao Bus, Long Win Bus and Discovery Bay Bus all together operate 25 bus routes to the airport from various parts of Hong Kong, available at the Airport Ground Transportation Centre and Cheong Tat Road. The bus companies also offer 10 overnight "N" services since the airport is open 24-hours a day.^[23]

Coach service is available to major cities and towns in Guangdong, such as Shenzhen, Dongguan and Guangzhou.

[edit] Ferry

Direct ferry services are available from the airport to various destinations throughout the Pearl River Delta. Passengers using these services are treated as transit passengers and are not considered to have entered Hong Kong for immigration purposes. For this reason, access to the ferry terminal is before immigration in the airport for arriving passengers. Check-in services are available at these piers. Four ports – Shekou, Shenzhen, Macau and Humen (Dongguan) – were initially served, extending to Guangzhou and Zhongshan at the end of 2003. The Zhuhai service began on 10 July 2007.^[24]

[edit] Taxi

The airport is served by all three different types of taxi, distinguished by their colour:

• Urban taxis connect the Airport with Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and parts of the new towns of Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin and Tseung Kwan O. (Urban taxis can go anywhere in Hong Kong except southern Lantau Island).
• New Territories taxis connect the airport with the New Territories, except those parts of the Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin and Tseung Kwan O served by urban taxis.
• Lantau taxis connect the airport with the rest of Lantau Island.

[edit] Accidents and incidents

• On 22 August 1999, China Airlines Flight 642 (an MD-11 operated by subsidiary Mandarin Airlines), which was landing in Typhoon Sam at Hong Kong International Airport en route from Bangkok International Airport (now Bangkok Don Mueang International Airport) to Hong Kong, rolled over and caught fire, coming to rest upside down beside the runway. Three people onboard were killed.

• On 31 July 2000 a man, armed with a pistol, forced his way through a security checkpoint and held a woman hostage on a Cathay Pacific aircraft. The man surrendered after two and a half hours. [2]PDF (1.92 MiB)

• On 8 July 2008, Air China Flight 103, a Boeing 737-300 from Tianjin bumped into an engineering vehicle after landing. There were no injuries; however, the wing of the aircraft was slightly damaged after the collision.^[25]

[edit] Awards

• Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation CAPA International Airport of the Year (2007)
• Skytrax World's Best Airport (2001-2005, 2007-2008)
• Conde Nast Traveler World's Best Airport (2007)
• Air Transport Research Society Asia Pacific Airport Efficiency Excellence Award (2007)
• TravelWeekly Best International Airport (2007)
• Air Cargo World Air Cargo Excellence (2007)
• Airports Council International World's Best Airport (2007-2008)
• SmartTravelAsia.com Best Airport Worldwide (2006-2007)
• TravelWeeklyChina Best Airport Facilities (2006)
• Business Traveller Best Airport in China (2006-2007)
• TTG Best Airport (2002, 2004-2008; Survey was not held in 2003 owing to SARS)
• Federation of Asia Pacific Aircargo Associations Most Friendly Airport for Cargo (2005)
• AETRA Best Airport Worldwide (2005)
• Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants Diamond - Best Corporate Governance Disclosure Awards (2004)
• Air Cargo News Cargo Airport of the Year (2002-2003)
• International Air Transport Association (IATA) Eagle Award (2002)
• WTA World Travel Awards Asia/ Pacific's Leading Airport (2000)
• Asiaweek Asia's Best Airport (2000)
• Raven Fox Award for Travel-Retail Excellence in Asia / Pacific (1999-2000)
• British Constructional Steelwork Association, the Steel Construction Institute, and British Steel Structural Steel Design Award (1999)
• Hong Kong Institute of Architects Silver Medal for Architecture (1999)
• Construction Industry Manufacturers Association CONEXPO-CON/AGG '99 Top 10 Construction Achievements of the 20th Century - Airport Core Programme (1999)

[edit] See also

• Transport in Hong Kong
• List of buildings, sites, and areas in Hong Kong
• Kai Tak Airport - former Hong Kong International Airport (closed in 1998)
• Shek Kong Airfield - a military airport in Hong Kong
• Airport Authority Hong Kong
• Airport Security Unit
• Government Flying Service (Hong Kong) - a search and rescue service that operates from HKIA
• World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
• World's busiest airports by cargo traffic

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hong Kong International Airport

• World Aero Data - Hong Kong International Airport
• Hong Kong International Airport
• openNav: HKG / VHHH charts
• Asia Airfreight Terminal Company Limited, Hong Kong
• Air transport in Hong Kong - Trade Development Council
• Extreme Engineering: Hong Kong Airport on Discovery.com

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