Ürümqi
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| Ürümqi 乌鲁木齐 ئۈرۈمچی |
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| 乌鲁木齐市 | |
| Uyghur transcription(s) | |
| - Arabic | ئۈرۈمچی |
|---|---|
| - Uyghur Latin Yéziqi | Ürümchi |
| - Yengi Yeziķ | Ürümqi |
| - pronunciation in IPA | uːˈruːmtʃi |
| Chinese transcription(s) | |
| - Simplified Chinese | 乌鲁木齐 |
| - Traditional Chinese | 烏魯木齊 |
| - Pinyin | Wūlǔmùqí |
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  Ürümqi
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| Coordinates: 43°48′N 87°35′E / 43.8°N 87.583°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Xinjiang |
| County-level divisions | 8 |
| Government | |
| - CPC Committee Secretary | Li Zhi (栗智) |
| - Mayor | Jila Isamuddin (deputy) |
| Area | |
| - Total | 10,989 km2 (4,242.9 sq mi) |
| Population (2005) | |
| - Total | 2,681,834 |
| - Density | 244/km2 (632.1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard Time (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 830000 |
| Area code(s) | 991 |
| License plate prefixes | 新A |
| GDP (2008) | CNY 102 billion |
| - per capita | CNY 43,211 |
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-65-01 |
| Website | www.urumqi.gov.cn (Chinese) |
Urumchi or Ürümqi (English IPA: [uːˈruːmtʃi]), sometimes spelled Wulumuqi (English IPA: [wuːˈluːmuːˌtʃiː]; Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچی, Ürümchi; simplified Chinese: 乌鲁木齐; traditional Chinese: 烏魯木齊; pinyin: Wūlǔmùqí) is the capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, in the northwest of the country.
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[edit] History
Two thousand years ago Ürümqi was an important town on the northern route of the Silk Road, a vast network of trade routes that also facilitated cultural exchanges throughout Eurasia. During the 22nd year of Emperor Taizong's reign in the Tang Dynasty, 648 A.D., the Tang government set up the town of Luntai in the ancient town seat of Urabo, 10 kilometers from the southern suburb of present-day Ürümqi. The Ancient Luntai Town was a seat of local government, and collected taxes from the caravans along the northern route of the Silk Road. During the Qing Dynasty (1763 A.D.) Emperor Qianlong named the expanded town of Luntai "Dihua" (pinyin: Díhuà; Manchu: Wen de dahabure fu), meaning "to enlighten." In 1884, Emperor Guang Xu established Xinjiang as a Province, with Di Hua as its capital. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China, on February 1, 1954, the city was renamed Ürümqi, meaning "beautiful pasture" in the Mongolian language of the Junggar tribe.
[edit] Demographics
According to the 2000 census, Ürümqi has 2,081,834 inhabitants with a population density of 174.53 inhabitants/km². Of these, 75.3% are Han Chinese, 12.8% are Uyghurs, 8.0% are Hui and 2.3% are Kazakhs and Kyrgyz.
[edit] Administrative divisions
Ürümqi currently comprises 8 administrative sub-divisions, county-level units, of these, 7 are districts and 1 is a county.
The areas of the city are divided into 7 districts and 1 county:
- Tianshan District (天山区: Tiānshān Qū)
- Saybagh District (沙依巴克区: Shāyībākè Qū)
- Toutunhe District (头屯河区: Tóutúnhé Qū)
- Shuimogou District (水磨沟区: Shuǐmógōu Qū)
- Xinshi District (新市区: Xīnshì Qū)
- Dongshan District (东山区: Dōngshān Qū)
- Dabancheng District (达坂城区: Dábǎnchéng Qū)
- Ürümqi County (烏魯木齊县: Wūlǔmùqí Xiàn)
[edit] Geography and Climate
The largest city in the western half of the People's Republic of China, Ürümqi has won a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles (2500 km) from the nearest coastline (Ürümqi being the city closest to the Eurasian[citation needed] Pole of Inaccessibility). The city has an area of 10,989 km². The average elevation is 800 meters.
In Ürümqi a continental steppe climate with hot and dry summers prevails with average temperatures in July at 24°C (75°F) as well as damp and cold winters with average temperatures in January at -16°C (3°F). The annual average temperature amounts to 5.4°C (41.7°F), and the yearly precipitation is about 273 mm.
| Climate chart for Urumqi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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8
-8
-18
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8
-6
-16
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18
4
-5
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29
17
5
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28
24
12
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36
29
17
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20
31
19
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16
30
18
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24
24
12
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22
14
3
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17
2
-6
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10
-6
-14
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| average temperatures in °C precipitation totals in mm source: World Weather Information Service |
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Imperial conversion
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[edit] Economy
Ürümqi is a major industrial center within Xinjiang. Ürümqi, together with Karamay and Bayin'gholin account for 64.5% of the total industrial output of Xinjiang. Ürümqi is also the largest consumer center in the region, recording ¥41.9 billion retail sales of consumer goods in 2008, an increase of 26% from 2007. The GDP per capita reached US$6,222 in 2008 [1]. According to statistics, Urumqi ranked 7th in 2008 by the disposable income for urban residents among cities in Western China.[1] Ürümqi has been a central developmental target for the China Western Development project that the Central Government is pursuing.
The Urumqi Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Fair (Chinese: 乌洽会) is held annually since 1991, whose purpose is to promote domestic and foreign markets. The 17th Fair is seeing participants from the Ministry of Commerce and the China Council for Promotion of International Trade.[2]
As the economic center, Urumqi has expanded its urban area since the 1990s. The CBDs in the city increase rapidly all around the major districts. Zhong Tian Plaza, located in one of the CBDs in North Xinhua Road, is the tallest building in Urumqi and Xinjiang; with a height of 229 meters, it is also the tallest in Northwestern China and Central Asia. Lacking in subway, the outer ring road (外环路) for the city was built in 2003, which considerably facilitates transportation. Zhongshan Road (Sun Yat-sen Road, Chinese: 中山路) in Urumqi has been one of the 10 most famous commercial streets in the People's Republic of China since 2005 through official appraisals, the others being Wangfujing,etc. The Commercial Street of Zhongshan Road has the largest computer, mobile phone and consumer electronics market, i.e Baihuacun, Ccyber Digital Plaza and Fountain Plaza, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; it is believed to be the focal point of technological products in Urumqi.
[edit] Tourism
- The International Grand Bazaar of Xinjiang (Chinese: 新疆国际大巴扎, Uyghur: شىنجاڭ خەلقئارا چوڭ بازىرى) is an Islamic bazaar located on Jiefang Nan Road (解放南路). It is one of the most attractive tour sites in Xinjiang and Urumqi.
- Hong Shan Mountain (红山) is the symbolic scenic spot of Urumqi, located in the Hong Shan Park.
- Glacier No.1(一号冰川), origin of Urumqi River, is the largest glacier located near a city in China.
- People's Square (人民广场)
- Nanhu Square (南湖广场)
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum (新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆)
- Shuimugou Hot Springs (水磨沟温泉) is located 5 km northeast of Urumqi.
- Xinjiang Silk Road Museum (新疆丝绸之路博物馆) [2] is located right next to the Grand Bazaar at No.160 Shengli Road. Bus No.110 stops very close to it. It is located on the fifth and sixth floor of a very large European style building which houses a shopping complex as well. The admission charge is 30 Yuan per person. Most of the exhibits have English names as well and some of their guides speak some English.
- Erdaoqiao Market (二道桥市场) is a place you can see lots of local goods produced by the minorities. The booth owners are all dressed in Uighur costumes. Some times they do not sell anything to tourists but just invite tourists to dance.[3]
[edit] Education
Urumqi has many educational campuses including Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang Agricultural University , Xinjiang Medical University and many others.
[edit] Universities
- Xinjiang University (新疆大学)
- Xinjiang Medical University (新疆医科大学)
- Xinjiang Normal University (新疆师范大学)
- Xinjiang Agricultural University (新疆农业大学)
- Xinjiang Arts Institute (新疆艺术学院)
- Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics (新疆财经大学)
[edit] High schools
- Urumqi No.1 High School (乌鲁木齐市第一中学)
- Urumqi No.8 Middle School (乌鲁木齐市第八中学)
- Xinjiang Experimental High School (新疆实验中学)
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps No.2 High School (新疆生产建设兵团第二中学)
- Senior High School of Urumqi (乌鲁木齐市高级中学)
- Bayi Middle School of Urumqi (乌鲁木齐市八一中学)
[edit] Transportation
[edit] Air
Ürümqi is served by the Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport. The airport is one of the five major airports in the People's Republic of China. It is also a hub for China Southern Airlines. It has been rumored that a new airline China Central Airlines will start operations at the airport sometime in late 2010.
[edit] Rail
- A railway line connects the city to Kashgar (southwest)
- Ürümqi is also on the Beijing-Almaty (Kazakhstan) railway line via Dostyk, Kazakhstan. In 2008, there is a proposal to build a more direct line to Almaty.
[edit] Road
[edit] Media
The Xinjiang Networking Transmission Limited operates the Urumqi People's Broadcasting Station and the Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station, broadcasting in the Mandarin, Uyghur, Kazakh, Mongolian, Russian and the Kyrgyz languages.
The Xinjiang Television Station (XJTV), located in Urumqi, is the major TV broadcasting station in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The local television station for Urumqi city is Urumqi Television Station (UTV)(乌鲁木齐电视台).
[edit] Sport
- Xinjiang Flying Tigers is a major basketball team in the region.
- Xinjiang Ticai is a local football team in the Chinese Football Association Yi League
[edit] Sister cities
[edit] References
- ^ "乌鲁木齐人均可支配收入增长居西部十省第8位". http://www.nxein.com/zhjj/mzqyjj/200711/5573.html.
- ^ "17th Urumqi Trade Fair opens 17th Urumqi Trade Fair opens - CCTV International". CCTV.com. http://www.cctv.com/program/bizchina/20080902/102963.shtml 17th Urumqi Trade Fair opens.
- ^ "Urumqi Attractions". http://www.chinahighlights.com/urumqi/attraction/.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Urumqi |
- Ürümqi Government website
- Ürümqi travel guide from Wikitravel
- FallingRain Map - elevation = 866m
- Images and travelling impressions along the Silk Road - Urumqi
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